編寫英文論文的情況下，學員常常必須搜集對畢業論文很重要，但不值直接引用的情況類的內容。可是許多學員擔憂的難題便是“怎樣防止畢業論文turnitin論文查重時的高重復率?”。在這類狀況下，學員必須開展英語論文改變，因此大伙兒何不把握一些paraphrase方法。“Paraphrase”，即“改述”，就是指用你自己的語匯獲取并轉述另一個源代碼的語匯。那樣，在保存原文的意思另外，能夠防止生搬硬套全文用語的狀況，進而減少查重率。但是，寫多了以后，許多留學生會感覺如果不照搬模擬題，都無法說話之道了。但假如你的畢業論文上都只應用好多個關鍵字，教師一看就了解你的英語詞匯量很差、語言表達能力太弱。難題就來了，大家究竟該怎樣paraphrase呢?怎樣防止經常應用關鍵字(key words)呢?今日小編來共享一下幾類合理的句子改述方式和關鍵字更換方法，并且出示能夠替代“造成”(to cause)這一在英文論文中較為常用語的單詞表。我們一起來學“說話之道”!

改述的整體構思

Paraphrase的全過程一般能夠分成下列七個流程：

1.把文章內容細心讀幾次;

2.找到它的關鍵點;

3.隨后把原文章內容放到一邊;

4.嘗試在不要看全文的狀況下要你自己得話再次寫成關鍵點。也就是說，便是為自己解釋一下你讀的本文。

5.寫完后，把改述的文稿放到一邊，繼續看別的的物品，或是做別的的事兒。將你的專注力遷移到別的事兒上就可以了，這會使你與全文中間造成間距。還可以說，使你保持清醒一下，刪掉對全文的記憶力。如果你回到回來，你能有一個全新升級的角度。你對全文的精確記憶力會在某種意義上消退，你能更非常容易致力于自身的用語和句子成分。

6.這時，還是不要看全文，將你paraphrase的文稿潤飾一下。在這個全過程中，你能發覺你一直在用自身的語言表達能力原文的意思。

7.編寫之后，將你改述的文稿與全文開展較為。看一下是不是你改述的文稿能精確傳遞原文的意思。也有他們的不同點是不是足夠防止剽竊的行為。

這種流程會讓你產生非常大的協助，使你提升畢業論文的原創度，成功通過turnitin論文查重。turnitin一直是留學生使用的比較多的一個查重系統，小編這里有一份turnitin的免費使用教程：http://www.baydue.com/news/tools/120.html，有需要的同學可以看一下哦。下邊大家來探討改述的具體做法。

改述的具體做法

1.把積極句變成被動句，相反把被動句變成積極句

那樣的含意就是把本來的主語和賓語的順敘錯亂一下，而且把形容詞變成處于被動方式。可是還要留意不必更改原話的含意哦!

2.更改詞性

英語中的語匯，大部分全是好幾個詞性并存的，由于她們的詞性轉換全是一樣的。有時候我們可以把她們互用。因此在我們要想應用一個名詞的意思的情況下，我們可以換做它的形容詞來開展描述。

Original:

Current political and economic incentives favor industry and other interest groups at the expense of health:consider the subsidies paid for corn-based agriculture and mass-produced processed foods,the tobacco revenue generated in countries with a government-owned tobacco industry,industrial growth in the face of environmental pollution,and the spread of the sedentary automobile-and-television culture.

(Source:Venkat Narayan,K.M.,Ali,M.K.,and Koplan,J.(2010,September 23).Global noncomunicable diseases–where worlds meet.The New England Journal of Medicine,363;13.1196-1198.Retrieved from nejm.org at MIT Libraries.)

Acceptable Paraphrase:Changed Voice and Changed Parts of Speech

Researchers point out that in attempting to implement economic growth,industry is often favored over health:government may subsidize certain forms of agriculture and food production,contribute to tobacco consumption in nations where it owns the industry and otherwise promote growth of industries that pollute.(Venkat Narayan et.al,2011).

3.把從句改成語句，相反把語句改成從句

在英語中我們可以把一個繁雜的復合型一段話切成好幾個小句子一樣，大家還可以把這些主句后邊的從句變成某一語句，或是把語句表達的意思改變成一句從句。

Original:

The prevalence and impact of non-communicable diseases continue to grow.Chronic diseases account for 60%of all deaths worldwide,and 80%of these deaths occur in low-or middle-income countries,where the toll is disproportionate during the prime productive years of youth and middle age.

(Source:Venkat Narayan,K.M.,,Ali,M.K.,and Koplan,J.(2010,September 23).Global noncomunicable diseases–where worlds meet.The New England Journal of Medicine,363;13.1196-1198.Retrieved from nejm.org at MIT Libraries.)

Acceptable paraphrase:Changed Clause to Phrase

The increasing spread of non-communicable diseases can be seen in figures that show these diseases are responsible for 60%of all deaths on the planet,and that in countries where the population is primarily of low or middle income,the impact is greatest,often focusing on those who are young or middle-aged(Venkat Narayan et.al,2011).

4.更改句子的結構

關鍵就是指把語句的表述次序錯亂一下。例如把倒序的語句改成順敘的語句，可是在更改以后，必須留意一下左右句的聯接，不必太生澀。假如必須用些承前啟后的句子來融入過多。

5.把全部非通用性的英語單詞應用近義詞

你需要記牢，不論是漢語的文章內容還是英文的文章內容，他們都很避諱多次重復使用某一個詞或是語句來描述同一個含意。在我們想改述一篇文章時，大家更應當留意這一點，更要防止出現和全文類同的好幾個短語。

Original:

Like drought,excess rainfall and flooding can also contribute to epidemics of waterborne infectious diseases,in this case due to poor sanitation resulting from runoff from overwhelmed sewage lines or the contamination of water by livestock.

(Source:Shuman,E.,M.D.(2010,March 25).Global climate change and infectious diseases.New England Journal of Medicine;362,12,1061-1063.Retrieved from nejm.org at MIT Libraries.)

Acceptable paraphrase:Used synonyms

An overabundance of rainfall can also be a factor in spreading infectious diseases carried by water,usually as a result of overflowing sewers and pollution from farm animals(Shuman,2010).

Acceptable paraphrase:Changed sentence structure

When there is an overabundance of rainfall,two situations can occur:sewers can overflow and water can become polluted by the presence of livestock,both of which can lead to outbreaks of waterborne diseases(Shuman,2010).

6.以上五種方式的綜合性應用

值得一提的是，paraphrase的目地便是再次描述信息內容，使原文的意思出現在你自己的文章中，而不用全文的用語。

Original:

We do not yet understand all the ways in which brain chemicals are related to emotions and thoughts,but the salient point is that our state of mind has an immediate and direct effect on our state of body.

(Source:Siegel,B.(1986).Love,Medicine and Miracles(p.69).New York:Harper and Row.)

Acceptable paraphrase#1:

Siegel(1986)writes that although the relationship between brain chemistry and thoughts and feelings is not fully understood,we do know that our psychological state affects our physical state.

寫作者應用了什么改述方式?

應用了近義詞;

更改了句子成分;

把形容詞變成處于被動方式;

引入來源于。

Acceptable paraphrase#2:

Siegel(1986)writes that the relationship between the chemicals in the brain and our thoughts and feelings remains only partially understood.He goes on to say,however,that one thing is clear:our mental state affects our bodily state.

寫作者應用了什么改述方式?

應用了近義詞;

更改了句子成分(一個繁雜的語句變為為2個簡單句子);

把形容詞變成處于被動方式;

更改了詞性;

引入來源于。

擁有之上這些方式，還是不足的。最重要的是多訓練，多去剖析這些不成功的改述實例，便于大家大量地小結出自身的一套科學方法論，進而把查重率操縱在最低標準。